Characterization of palm date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) growing in Saudi Arabia: Phenotypic diversity estimated by fruit and seed traits

In order to determine the variation and degree of diversity among most well-known Saudi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), this study applied various widely detectible fruit seed features. The properties seeds were described using ten phenotypic traits. Eighteen varieties from six production sites used in (Ḥaʼil, Al-Madina, Al-Hassa, Al-Qassim, Kharaj, Najran). data was analysed by Pearson r correlation. principal components analysis (PCA) UPGMA clustering analyse set. According PCA, results showed significant varieties. Our shows that ratio varies all mean weight between 4 13%. Varieties ‘Raziz’, ‘Lubab’ ‘Wasily’ demonstrate higher (over 10%). Whereas, Fankha depicts a 5 4% fresh dry ratio. statistical indicates 18 is comparable fruits. result suggests numerous features due dissimilarities heterogeneity. However, obtained also propose grouping closely related features, e.g., weights Eventually, it suggested conduct additional research on palms utilizing more traits have better understanding pack morphological descriptors.